Founded in 2015 by Charles Hoskinson and Jeremy Wood, IOHK is one of the world's pre-eminent blockchain infrastructure research and engineering companies. We are a fully decentralised remote working organisation committed to the highest principles of academic rigour and evidence-based software development. The company builds high-assurance blockchain infrastructure solutions for public, private sector and government clients. It is also the driving force behind the decentralised and smart contract platform, Cardano.

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<div>
 <a target="_blank" href="https://zycrypto.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Charles-Hoskinson-Claims-Cardano-Is-Far-More-Meaningful-Than-Ethereum.jpg"><img src="https://zycrypto.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Charles-Hoskinson-Claims-Cardano-Is-Far-More-Meaningful-Than-Ethereum.jpg" srcset="https://zycrypto.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Charles-Hoskinson-Claims-Cardano-Is-Far-More-Meaningful-Than-Ethereum.jpg 1200w, https://zycrypto.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Charles-Hoskinson-Claims-Cardano-Is-Far-More-Meaningful-Than-Ethereum-300x175.jpg 300w, https://zycrypto.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Charles-Hoskinson-Claims-Cardano-Is-Far-More-Meaningful-Than-Ethereum-1024x597.jpg 1024w, https://zycrypto.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Charles-Hoskinson-Claims-Cardano-Is-Far-More-Meaningful-Than-Ethereum-768x448.jpg 768w, https://zycrypto.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Charles-Hoskinson-Claims-Cardano-Is-Far-More-Meaningful-Than-Ethereum-610x356.jpg 610w" alt="Charles Hoskinson Claims Cardano 'Is Far More Meaningful' Than Ethereum" title="Charles Hoskinson Claims Cardano 'Is Far More Meaningful' Than Ethereum" /></a>
Charles Hoskinson, co-founder of Cardano and Input Output Global, has strongly criticized media outlets for misrepresenting his views on Ethereum’s governance model, sparking a heated debate in the cryptocurrency community.
Notably, the latest controversy erupted following Hoskinson’s interview with Cointegraph at the Token2049 conference in Singapore, where he discussed the differences between various blockchain governance structures.
In an <a target="_blank" href="https://cointelegraph.com/news/ethereum-dictatorship-claims-cardano-founder-charles-hoskinson">article</a> published on September 25, the media outlet reported that Hoskinson had referred to Ethereum’s governance as a “dictatorship,” claiming that Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin exerts too much influence over the network’s development. 
<figure><img src="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXdeu0VPx9CcquGlJ7W4Q7l2ybcMRnqC-9V7SKapkVx2NhuCvTNmKg5qVgNOpYr2ZzCyBFq7xGi3qJOY5icv-0uvSBvt3iJkE9HTpip-kHjhYnCh97Ctq6rsFPpMDJrFM8ISfJ7C32PS4RxG1PyGHr06h4Ezby5YR7Y45861O1owPRBDh8kextU?key=YxwttyhaD_J6N35ymNuHbA" alt /></figure>
However, Hoskinson swiftly took to X to express his frustration with what he perceived as sensationalized reporting, <a target="_blank" href="https://x.com/IOHK_Charles/status/1838791990617739282">stating,</a> “I’m just going to stop giving you guys interviews. I’ve had enough of the dramatic headlines and wasted interviews.” 
Seeking to clarify his position further, Hoskinson gave an exclusive interview to popular crypto analyst David Gokhshtein on Sept. 27. During this conversation, Hoskinson elaborated on his original comments and expressed his disappointment with how his words were portrayed.Advertisement<a target="_blank" href="https://zycryp.to/GoogleNews"><img src="https://zycrypto.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Follow-ZyCrypto-On-Google-News-1.png" alt="Follow ZyCrypto On Google News" /></a>
 
“The whole point of Cardano governance is that it’s a middle ground where you actually get to vote for your leadership, you actually get to vote on the roadmap,” Hoskinson <a target="_blank" href="https://x.com/Demosthenes555/status/1839566490720260117">explained</a>. He emphasized that his intention was to highlight the differences between various governance models, not to attack Ethereum or Buterin personally.
Hoskinson, who is also an <a target="_blank" href="https://zycrypto.com/analysts-predict-bullish-shift-for-ether-amid-increased-futures-buying-activity/">Ethereum</a> co-founder, further clarified his stance, stating, that he does not have any problem with Vitalik, emphasizing that “They’re the ones talking about me, not me talking about them.”
The Cardano founder also addressed the broader issue of governance in blockchain networks. He argued that Cardano’s approach strikes a balance between the perceived rigidity of Bitcoin and the centralized decision-making he associates with Ethereum.
“We have one [on-chain government], so that was the only point,” Hoskinson explained, highlighting Cardano’s efforts to implement a more democratic governance structure. Hoskinson further called for more accurate and nuanced reporting in the cryptocurrency space. He suggested that future interviews should be conducted live and unedited to prevent misinterpretation.
That said, this is not the first time Hoskinson has voiced his frustration over what he sees as misinformation about Cardano. Earlier this month, he <a target="_blank" href="https://zycrypto.com/charles-hoskinson-claps-back-at-epic-fud-attacks-against-cardano/">addressed</a> claims suggesting that ADA’s strong position in the cryptocurrency rankings is primarily due to stakers being unable to sell their locked assets. These allegations impled that ADA holders are restricted from selling their tokens because they are tied up in staking pools, leading to an artificially inflated market value.
“The lies and misinformation about Cardano have reached epic levels. Staking isn’t locked, yet the narrative persists. Why does anyone trust these sources anymore?” he tweeted on Sep.11.
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Zycrypto

Cardano Founder Slams Critics for Misrepresenting His Views On Ethereum

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								On Friday, the Cardano blockchain marked its seventh anniversary, solidifying its position as one of the most recognized protocols in the cryptocurrency market. Currently, Cardano’s native token, ADA, ranks eleventh among cryptocurrencies, boasting a market capitalization of approximately $14 billion.
Input Output Global (IOG), the development company behind Cardano, celebrated this milestone on social media, highlighting significant achievements since its inception by co-founder <a href="https://bitcoinist.com/cardano-founder-crucial-info-must-read-ada-holders/" target="_blank">Charles Hoskinson</a>, who also played a key role in the creation of the Ethereum blockchain.
<h2>Cardano’s Architectural Evolution Over Seven Years</h2>
In a <a href="https://x.com/InputOutputHK/status/1839618235215282492" target="_blank">commemorative video</a>, IOG shared notable statistics reflecting Cardano’s growth and development. The blockchain has facilitated over 95 million transactions, showcasing its usage and adoption through the years. 
Additionally, more than 74,000 Plutus scripts have been executed, which are essential for the effective deployment of smart contracts on the platform.
Cardano has also witnessed significant community engagement, with the creation of 1.3 million <a href="https://bitcoinist.com/cardano-zk-scaling-chang-ada-down-in-5-months/" target="_blank">delegated wallets</a> and the publication of 226 research papers. Furthermore, approximately 1,373 projects have been launched on the blockchain, also showcasing the community usage.
The Catalyst funding program, which has undergone 12 funding rounds, has played a crucial role in advancing the Cardano ecosystem. This initiative has supported over 1,800 funded ideas, fostering <a href="https://bitcoinist.com/cardano-sets-stage-chang-hard-fork-node-upgrade/" target="_blank">upgrades </a>and further developments within the protocol.
However, the last seven years have also seen significant transformations in Cardano’s architecture. The transition from the Shelley era to the Alonzo hard fork marked a pivotal shift. 
<h2>Moves Toward Decentralized Decision-Making</h2>
The Shelley era, which began in 2020, focused on decentralization and enhancing network security through the introduction of the Ouroboros upgrades. These upgrades improved stake pool operations and <a href="https://bitcoinist.com/cardano-chang-hard-fork-september-1/" target="_blank">ADA </a>delegation, encouraging staking rewards for users.
The Alonzo hard fork, implemented in 2021, enabled smart contract functionalities on Cardano, significantly increasing the block size and enhancing script memory unit parameters. This advancement allowed developers to create decentralized applications (dApps) that leverage Cardano’s capabilities.
Further enhancements came with the Vasil and Chang upgrades, the latter being the first hard fork of the Voltaire era, the protocol’s final era. The Vasil upgrade, released in 2022, introduced new features, including Plutus script <a href="https://bitcoinist.com/cardano-chang-upgrade-places-it-ahead-of-bitcoin/" target="_blank">upgrades </a>to reduce transaction costs and the implementation of diffusion pipelining for faster block propagation.
The recent <a href="https://bitcoinist.com/cardano-chang-hard-fork-rolls-out-minor-glitch/" target="_blank">Chang upgrade</a> is being rolled out in two phases, introducing on-chain governance to the network. The first phase, which implements governance features through CIP-1694, sets the foundation for decentralized voting and governance actions. 
The second phase will introduce additional governance functionalities, including delegated representative participation and treasury withdrawals, further empowering the community.
<h3>Next Steps In The Voltaire Era</h3>
Looking ahead, the second part of the <a href="https://cardanofoundation.org/blog/chang-upgrade-decentralized-governance" target="_blank">Voltaire era</a> will replace the initial genesis keys, which have been key in managing the network since its inception, with ongoing support from stake pool operators (SPOs) and increased involvement from delegated representatives (DReps) and the Constitutional Committee (CC).
The next steps toward achieving decentralized governance involve ensuring that stake pool nodes meet the required thresholds for operation and that<a href="https://bitcoinist.com/cardano-releases-update-voltaire-ada-stuck/" target="_blank"> decentralized applications </a>(DApps) are nearing completion. 
The final transition to the Voltaire era will occur with the last use of the <a href="https://bitcoinist.com/cardano-founder-genesis-keys-are-dead/" target="_blank">Genesis keys</a>, which will trigger a hard fork and cement Cardano’s status as a self-sustaining blockchain. However, further announcements of subsequent upgrades and their respective dates remain undisclosed.
<figure><img src="https://www.tradingview.com/x/s8KroKVZ/" alt="Cardano" /><figcaption>The 1D chart shows ADA’s price rally. Source:<a href="https://www.tradingview.com/chart/7W2R5XTA/" target="_blank"> ADAUSDT on TradingView.com</a></figcaption></figure>
At the time of writing, the protocol’s native token, ADA, is trading at $0.403, up nearly 15% in the last week alone amid the broader market rally. 
Featured image from DALL-E, chart from TradingView.com
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Bitcoinist

Cardano Turns 7: A Look Back At Key Milestones And The Road Ahead | Bitcoinist.com

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<ul>
<li>Cardano co-founder Charles Hoskinson labels Ethereum’s Vitalik Buterin as a dictator who appears at the center of roadmaps and direction of the project. </li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Hoskinson believes that the newly introduced Cardano governance model would ensure that the project continues even in his absence. </li>
</ul>
<hr />
Cardano’s Charles Hoskinson <a href="https://cointelegraph.com/news/ethereum-dictatorship-claims-cardano-founder-charles-hoskinson" target="_blank">launched</a> a subtle attack on Ethereum in his recent presentation at the Token2049 event in Singapore. According to him, Ethereum’s governance model heavily depends on co-founder Vitalik Buterin for direction, underscoring its “dictatorship nature.” 
Throwing another dig at Buterin, Hoskinson stressed that the entire roadmap of Ethereum is within the control of the co-founder. This implies that the project would be vague and visionless when the 30-year-old is moved from the “equation.”
<blockquote>Everybody looks to him for the roadmap. Everybody looks to him for inspiration, and he’s also the only person who has enough power to rally people. If you were to remove him from the equation right now, what’s the next hard fork going to look like, and how quickly can they actually get there?</blockquote>
Comparing this to his project, Hoskinson pointed out that Cardano’s new model provides a lasting solution to the “governance trilemma” of “efficiency, effectiveness, and integrity.” According to him, this was done through the use of delegated representatives and an organization called Intersect. To him, this has the power to prevent the “dictatorship of <a href="https://www.crypto-news-flash.com/what-is-ethereum-history-and-beginners-guide/" target="_blank">Ethereum</a>” and the “anarchy of <a href="https://www.crypto-news-flash.com/what-is-bitcoin-btc-history-and-beginner-guide/" target="_blank">Bitcoin</a>.”
<blockquote>If you have those three things, then you have a fair shot of avoiding the anarchy of Bitcoin or the dictatorship of Ethereum, and you actually have something that can move forward with one voice, but it’s still decentralized at the end of the day because it represents everybody.</blockquote>
<h3>Hoskinson’s Past Involvement with Ethereum</h3>
Hoskinson’s insight into the model of Ethereum’s operation and governance could be attributed to his past involvement with the project as one of the eight original co-founders of Ethereum and CEO of the Ethereum Foundation. Along the line, his vision for the protocol clashed with that of Buterin, leading to his dismissal at a meeting in Switzerland in 2014.
On multiple occasions, Hoskinson has admitted his broader role in shaping the Cardano ecosystem. However, he argued that the new governance model is meant to make the ecosystem active with daily innovations “whether he is alive or dead.” 
It is important to note that Cardano recently executed its Chang hard fork to turn its asset into a governance token. This was to ensure that holders have the power to elect representatives and vote on developmental proposals as well as funding for community projects. According to our earlier <a href="https://www.crypto-news-flash.com/cardanos-hoskinson-reveals-game-changing-upgrades-introducing-chang-and-ouroboros-leios/" target="_blank">report</a>, this development implies that the Cardano Foundation, Input Output Global, and Emurgo, which have guided the project this far, can no longer initiate forks and upgrades. 
On the other hand, Hoskinson has accused Buterin of altering the roadmap of Ethereum towards “rollups and layer-2 networks for scalability” and away from “sharding-based optimization of the base chain.” Recently, its roadmap was subjected to criticism for enabling “extractive L2s” as fee revenue. 
<blockquote>Where does this idea of embracing layer 2s or rollups come from? Was it some random Ethereum engineer — or was it Vitalik Buterin writing a blog post about it, talking about it, and advocating for it?</blockquote>
At press time, ETH was trading at $2.6k after declining by 0.93% in the last 24 hours. 
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Crypto News Flash (EN)

Charles Hoskinson Labels Ethereum a ‘Dictatorship,’ Criticizes Vitalik Buterin's Influence

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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.fxcryptonews.com/cardano-founder-resists-ada-burn-proposal-citing-stakeholder-interests/">Charles Hoskinson</a>, the founder of Cardano, recently confirmed that Midnight’s development is advancing according to plan. His comments follow a sneak peek shared by Stevan Lohja, a Developer Relations Engineer at Input Output (IOHK), who provided insight into the ongoing progress on the Devnet. Lohja shared an image on X (formerly Twitter), showcasing technical logs from the “midnight-node-testnet.” These logs highlighted key processes such as syncing blocks and validating operations. These steps are crucial for the stability and functionality of the Midnight network. 
The image further demonstrated real-time network activity, including block syncing and session starts. These developments suggest that Midnight is moving toward a more stable test environment, bringing it closer to the next phase of testing.
<h2 id="h-charles-hoskinson-s-reassuring-response">Charles Hoskinson’s Reassuring Response</h2>
In response to Lohja’s post, Hoskinson chimed in with a humorous yet reassuring comment. He shared a meme from Star Wars featuring Emperor Palpatine with the caption: “Everything is proceeding exactly as I have foreseen.” 
<figure></figure>
This lighthearted reply was meant to assure the Cardano and Midnight communities that the sidechain’s development remains on track without any issues.
Related article: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.fxcryptonews.com/charles-hoskinson-surprised-by-bitcoin-cardano-bridge-development/">Charles Hoskinson Surprised by Bitcoin-Cardano Bridge Development</a>
Hoskinson continues to express confidence in Midnight’s potential, emphasizing its layered blockchain innovation approach. He firmly believes that the project will meet its goal of combining privacy with regulatory compliance through zero-knowledge cryptography.
<h2 id="h-focus-on-privacy-and-regulatory-compliance">Focus on Privacy and Regulatory Compliance</h2>
Midnight, a sidechain designed for Cardano, aims to prioritize data protection by combining privacy with regulatory compliance. It uses zero-knowledge cryptography to allow secure and private transactions without compromising security or transparency. 
The sidechain’s native tokens, NIGHT and DUST, play a key role in its ecosystem. NIGHT will serve governance and utility purposes, while DUST will be used as a gas token. Together, these tokens form the backbone of Midnight’s economic system.
Related article: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.fxcryptonews.com/charles-hoskinson-mocks-solanas-struggles-amid-fake-news-article/">Charles Hoskinson Mocks Solana’s Struggles Amid Fake News Article</a>
The Midnight team has also released its whitepaper, called the “Nightpaper.” It outlines the project’s technological foundation, development roadmap, and vision. The document details how the project will balance privacy and compliance while achieving its upcoming milestones.
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Currently, Midnight is in the Devnet phase, and its testnet will go live soon. Once launched, the testnet will provide the public with a secure environment to experiment and interact with the network.
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